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Thailand, the Philippines or Malaysia: choose by the complete payment cycle
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Thailand, the Philippines or Malaysia: choose by the complete payment cycle

An operational comparison of PromptPay, GCash/Maya/InstaPay and DuitNow: merchant access, identifiers, delayed confirmation, payouts and refunds.

5 min read

What remains of the fee: P2P team economics and contracts

What remains of the fee: P2P team economics and contracts

Calculate profit separately from available cash. Fee bases, collateral, retentions, loss allocation and exit terms matter more than advertised rates.

5 min read

South Korea: virtual accounts, bank transfers and KakaoPay/Toss checkout

South Korea: virtual accounts, bank transfers and KakaoPay/Toss checkout

Why issuing a virtual account is not payment, why paymentKey matters, and which confirmation and refund exceptions merchants need to handle.

5 min read

Internal fraud in P2P: when people and payments contradict the ledger

Internal fraud in P2P: when people and payments contradict the ledger

Defence against collusion, forged evidence and recipient substitution starts with independent records and separated authority, not suspicion of everyone.

5 min read

When the payment route stops: first decisions after a freeze

When the payment route stops: first decisions after a freeze

Separate bank restrictions from processor failures, stop new exposure, preserve evidence and organise lawful recovery without bypassing controls.

5 min read

Vietnam: VietQR, NAPAS 247 and MoMo sit at different payment layers

Vietnam: VietQR, NAPAS 247 and MoMo sit at different payment layers

Understand when a QR only supplies transfer details, where bank funds move and how MoMo statuses affect fulfilment, refunds and reconciliation.

5 min read

Onboarding a betting merchant: who takes funds and owns withdrawals

Onboarding a betting merchant: who takes funds and owns withdrawals

A merchant licence does not approve every payment chain. Establish account ownership, withdrawal funding and responsibility before launching.

5 min read

How to test a P2P processor before meaningful volume

How to test a P2P processor before meaningful volume

Begin with ownership of accounts and funds, then inspect evidence, run a bounded pilot, complete a real settlement and test contractual exit rights.

5 min read

Indonesia: QRIS, BI-FAST and wallets operate at different payment layers

Indonesia: QRIS, BI-FAST and wallets operate at different payment layers

Separate the QR standard from banking infrastructure, interpret QRIS statuses and verify what a merchant integration actually supports.

5 min read

The shift ended; the money did not: a P2P settlement ledger

The shift ended; the money did not: a P2P settlement ledger

Follow one settlement day across bank movements, merchant payables, player withdrawals, security collateral and a separately recorded FX result.

5 min read